* Identification Methods for Positive and Negative Poles:
①Marking Inspection:
Most lithium batteries have clear markings for the positive (+) and negative (-) poles on their casing. Ensure to carefully check these markings to avoid incorrect connections.
②Color Coding:
Many batteries use color coding to distinguish the positive and negative poles, where red generally represents the positive pole, and black or blue represents the negative pole. Understanding and following these color codes can help avoid connection errors.
③Using a Multimeter:
If the markings are unclear, a multimeter can be used to measure the voltage at both ends of the battery. The voltage reading between the positive and negative poles should be the nominal voltage, with the red probe in contact with the positive pole and the black probe with the negative pole.
* Importance of Avoiding Short Circuits:
①Risks of Short Circuits:
Short circuits occur when the positive and negative poles come into direct contact or are inadvertently connected through a conductive material, leading to a sharp increase in current, which can cause overheating, fires, or explosions. Therefore, measures must be taken to prevent short circuits.
②Insulation Protection:
Use insulating tape or other insulating materials to wrap the battery terminals to prevent short circuits. Especially when handling or storing batteries, ensure that the terminals do not come into contact with metal objects.
③Standard Operation:
When connecting or disconnecting batteries, always disconnect the power first to avoid operating under live conditions. Use specialized tools and follow operational procedures.
* Correct Methods for Battery Connection:
A. Series Connection:
Connect multiple batteries in series to increase the total voltage. In series, connect the positive pole of one battery to the negative pole of another. For example, two 12.8V lithium batteries in series will have a total voltage of 25.6V.
B. Parallel Connection:
Connect multiple batteries in parallel to increase the total capacity. In parallel, connect all the positive poles together and all the negative poles together. The total voltage remains unchanged after parallel connection, but the capacity is the sum of the capacities of each battery.
C. Balance Charging:
Whether in series or parallel connection, it is necessary to ensure that the state of each battery is consistent to prevent unbalanced charging that can damage the batteries. Use a Battery Management System (BMS) to monitor and manage the state of the batteries to ensure safety and performance.